Nuclear fusion in the Sun consumes about 5 million tonnes of hydrogen per second. Despite this enormous consumption of hydrogen, the sun has enough hydrogen to burn at this rate for the next 4 billion years. The Sun is currently composed of about 90 percent hydrogen, 9 percent helium, and only 1 percent of all the other elements such as carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, silicon, and iron. https://history.nasa.gov/EP-177/ch3-2.html#:~:text=In%20this%20way%20the%20Sun,least%20another%204%20billion%20years
The sun emits vast numbers of neutrinos which can pass through the earth with little or no interaction. Solar neutrinos shine down on us during the day, and shine up on us during the night after passing through the earth almost no absorption. About 91% of solar neutrons are produced by the proton-proton fusion to produce deuterium. Neutrinos from the proton-proton fusion have low energy up to 400 keV. The flux of low energy neutrons is about 7 x 1010 neutrinos/cm2s, i.e 70 billion neutrinos per square cm per second. A square centimetre is about the size of your small finger nail. There are several other processes producing neutrinos up to 18 MeV (see figures below).
China’s Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO) has detected two photons with energies exceeding 1 peta-electron-volt (quadrillion electron-volts or PeV). The photon at 1.4 PeV is the highest energy photon ever observed. The largest accelerator on Earth (LHC at CERN) can only accelerate particles to 0.01 PeV. http://english.ihep.cas.cn/lhaaso/doc/4253.html
When a very high-energy particle strikes Earth’s atmosphere, it triggers a cascade of secondary particles. Ground-based detectors such as LHAASO record these air shower events and can then reconstruct the type, energy and trajectory of the primary particles. Two of the photons detected from the Crab Nebular by LHAASO are the highest energy photons ever detected from the Crab Nebula: one at 0.88 PeV other at 1.1 PeV. https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/highest-energy-particles-yet-arrive-from-ancient-crab-nebula/
Aerial photograph of LHAASO
The Voyager 1 spacecraft now at the immense distance of 18.5 billion kilometers (145 AU) from earth. In 2017, thrusters were operated by NASA to adjust the orientation of the spacecraft; the signal from the spacecraft took 19 hours and 35 minutes to reach an antenna in Goldstone, California.
Voyager 2 launched on August 20, 1977, from Cape Canaveral, Florida aboard a Titan-Centaur rocket. On September 5, Voyager 1 launched, also from Cape Canaveral aboard a Titan-Centaur rocket.
The twin Voyager 1 and 2 spacecraft are exploring where nothing from Earth has flown before. Continuing on their more-than-39-year journey since their 1977 launches, they each are more that twice as far from Earth and the sun than Pluto.
The recent observations of gravitational waves from cosmic events opens a dramatic new window on the universe (first in 2015). The first four events observed by gravitational waves were colliding black holes with masses between 7.5 and 35 solar masses. As black holes do not emit any radiation, there is no electromagnet radiation from the resultant black holes although the actual collision produces a gamma ray pulse which has been detected for one of the events. The amount of energy radiated away as gravitational energy from these black hole collisions is immense: between 1 and 3 solar masses of energy emitted in a short time of order or less than 100 seconds.
Even more interesting in terms of observations was the GW170817 event (published on 16 Oct 2017) which was caused by the collision of two neutron stars approximately 130 million years ago.
Recent observations by the W. M Keck Telescopes have provided clear evidence for the existence of a supermassive black hole at the centre of our Milky Way galaxy. Because of dust, the galactic centre cannot be seen at visible, ultraviolet or soft x-rays wavelengths, but the W. M. Keck Telescopes have obtained incredible images of the stars and gas clouds at the centre of our Milky Way galaxy using infrared optics.